Armed with these guiding principles, you’ll be able not only to plan your own space but also to impress friends with brief but impressively knowledgeable lectures on how to plant specifically for honeybees!
- QUANTITY, QUALITY, AND VARIETY
Plentiful supplies of varied forage are essential to help honeybees withstand the impact of disease and harmful environmental factors. In a single foraging trip, a honeybee will visit around 100 flowers, and she (all worker bees are female) will make around 10 to 15 trips in a day. So that’s at least 1,000 flowers a day, and this is a conservative estimate – it’s said that a honeybee might visit up to 5,000 flowers on a productive day.
- FOUR-SEASON PLANTING
Although March to September are the key months for honeybees, they will fly whenever the temperature is above 50 degrees Fahrenheit, even in the depths of the winter. So early- and late-flowering plants are especially valuable. Ideally, plant ‘sequentially’ so that there is always something in the flower.
- MOW LESS AND LOVE WEEDS
Many so-called lawn ‘weeds’ provide precious forage. Mow lawns but less often and leave some areas to grow wilder. This encourages useful species to grow, such as daisies, trefoil, clovers and especially dandelions, which are vitally important as an early season nectar source.’
- BEES SEE BLUE
The photoreceptors in honeybees’ eyes see from yellow, blue and green right up into the ultraviolet (UV) light scale. This makes blue, violet, purple and white flowers especially attractive to them. They can also distinguish orange blooms, but the color red looks black to a bee, making red flowers unappealing. Some flowers exploit UV light to alert bees. The outer edges of the petals reflect UV light, while the nectar-rich centers absorb it to present a dark patch (rather like a bull’s eye), signaling the perfect landing pad.
- ‘FLOWER FIDELITY’
Honeybees only visit one type of flower in any one foraging trip. This is called ‘flower fidelity’ and is what makes them such effective pollinators. By planting large clumps or ‘drifts’ of single species you can save the bees’ energy and optimize each of their trips.
- NATIVE AND NON-NATIVE
Honeybees have evolved alongside certain flower species in every region. The flowers, too, are perfectly attuned to that region. For these reasons, some people favor using only native plantings in their gardens. However, widespread climate change means that many non-native species have now become very valuable additions to our pollinator forage and are widely accepted by honeybees as part of a changing flora.
- THINK BUSHES AND TREES
Bees are naturally tree dwellers and feeders and, if space allows, bee-friendly plantings should always start with a framework of durable, perennial forage from bushes and trees. A single lime (linden) tree in flower provides the same amount of forage as 3000 sq m (32,292 sq ft) of wildflower meadow (which is about half the size of a football pitch)!
- KEEP IT SIMPLE
With shorter tongues than bumblebees or butterflies, honeybees often can’t feed from complex flower structures. Showy, highly bred ornamental flowers often give little or no forage. Generally, stay close to the original wild or simpler forms of flowers where nectar and pollen are easily accessible.
- WATER, WATER, WATER
Bees don’t store water in the hive. They forage for it as needed and they often choose surprising sources. If you don’t have a pond, a bowl of pebbles full of rainwater provides a good stop off. In hot weather, water brought back by forager bees is sprinkled over the brood cells (nests) and then fanned by worker bees to cool the area through evaporation. Honey stored in the hive is diluted before being eaten, so water gathering is often the reason for bees flying on warm winter days.
- GARDEN ORGANICALLY
Read up on organic gardening techniques. There are many wildlife-friendly alternatives, but if you absolutely must use chemicals, follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully to prevent overdosing. As far as is possible, source your seeds, plants bulbs and potting compost from organic nurseries, this will ensure that they have never been treated with insecticides.
Excerpted with permission from Planting For Honeybees by Sarah Wyndham Lewis, published by Quadrille March 2018
6 Comments
I live in SoCal, zone 9.
What specific plants can I plant? Looking for 4 season blooms.
This was a most excellent article. May I suggest that the author post it on the garden section of the Houzz website? Very useful information for everyone who has a garden, not just beekeepers.
A most excellent and informative article for anyone who has a garden. (And unusually for this site, free of grammatical and other errors in English usage.) May I suggest that the author publish the article on the Houzz website, in the garden section? Everyone who cares about the environment should have this information.
Thank you! As I’m just poring over seed catalogs, planning my honeybee garden in our newly-purchased house that we are restoring in New England. I left behind a garden (2 miles away, different town) I had been cultivating for years (although lots of bee-friendly plants there too), before I had beehives, so am starting fresh with honeybees front and center at this house. One question: there are lots and lots and LOTS of old rhododendrons (about 60 years old) on the property; they are everywhere and several are HUGE. They are gorgeous! However, they take up a lot of precious plant real estate, and I am considering moving or removing several where I would like to plant something else. Unless my honeybees will profit from them? I haven’t had a chance to observe the honeybees in summer at this new (old) place. Unfortunately not enough room to plant trees.
Thanks for the great info will get busy planting.
Excellent